![]() The stars appeared to be fixed on a celestial sphere rotating once each day about an axis through the geographic poles of Earth. While the Moon and the planets have their own motions, they also appear to revolve around Earth about once per day. First, from anywhere on Earth, the Sun appears to revolve around Earth once per day. ![]() Two observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe: Ptolemy’s geocentric model was adopted and refined during the Islamic Golden Age, which Muslims believed correlated with the teachings of Islam. The geocentric model was the predominant description of the cosmos in many European ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle in Classical Greece and Ptolemy in Roman Egypt. Under most geocentric models, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbit Earth. In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, often exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Figure of the heavenly bodies - An illustration of a non-Ptolemaic geocentric system by Portuguese cosmographer and cartographer Bartolomeu Velho, 1568 (Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris) For the coordinate system, see Geocentric coordinates. For orbits around Earth, see Geocentric orbit.
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